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Composite Pattern Tutorial

This tutorial is aimed to guide the definition and application of Gang of Four (GoF) composite design pattern. By reading this tutorial, you will know how to develop a model for the composite pattern, and how to apply it in practice.

Compatible edition(s): Enterprise, Professional, Standard

  • October 7, 2009
  • Views: 32,078
  • PDF

Modeling Design Pattern with Class Diagram

  1. Create a new project Design Patterns.
  2. Create a class diagram Composite.
    new diagram
  3. Select Class from diagram toolbar. Click on the diagram to create a class. Name it as Client.
    create client
  4. Move the mouse cursor over the Client class, and drag out Association > Class to create an associated class Component.
    create component
  5. Right-click on Component, and select Model Element Properties > Abstract to set it as abstract.
    set component abstract
  6. Right-click on the Component class, and select Add > Operation from the popup menu.
    new component oper
  7. Name the operation Operation().
  8. Right-click on Operation, and select Model Element Properties > Abstract to set it as abstract.
    set oper abstract
  9. Repeat steps 6 to 8 to create operations Add(component : Component), Remove(component : Component), GetChild(index : int) : Component.
    add component opers
  10. Move the mouse cursor over the Component class, and drag out Generalization > Class to create a subclass Leaf. Repeat this step to create another subclass Composite, from Component.
    create sub classes
  11. Leaf and Composite will inherit the operations from Component. Select Leaf and Component, right-click on them and select Related Elements > Realize all Interfaces from the popup menu.
    realize interfaces
  12. Move the mouse cursor over the Component class, and drag out Composition > Class to Component. Name the Component's role as children.
    composition created
  13. In practice, there may be multiple operations in Component. To represent this, stereotype the class Component as PTN Members Creatable. Right-click on Component and select Stereotypes > Stereotypes... from the popup menu.
    set component stereotypes
  14. In the Stereotypes tab of the Class Specification dialog box, select PTN Members Creatable and click > to assign it to Component class. Click OK to confirm.
    set ptn members creatable
    Up to now, the diagram should look like this:
    composite pattern modeled

Defining Pattern

  1. Select all classes on the class diagram.
    select all classes
  2. Right-click on the selection and select Define Design Pattern... from the popup menu.
    define pattern
  3. In the Define Design Pattern dialog box, specify the pattern name Composite. Keep the file name as is. Click OK to proceed.
    name composite pattern

Applying Design Pattern on Class Diagram

In this section, we are going to apply the composite pattern to model a furniture shop's furniture catalog.

  1. Create a new project Furniture Shop.
  2. Create a class diagram Domain Model.
  3. Right-click on the class diagram and select Utilities > Apply Design Pattern... from the popup menu.
    apply pattern
  4. In the Design Pattern dialog box, select Composite from the list of patterns.
    select composite
  5. Click on Component in the overview.
    select component
  6. Rename Component to Furniture, and the parameters component in various operations to furniture at the bottom pane.
    rename component
  7. Rename Operation to ShowPrice.
    rename operation
  8. Besides the operation ShowPrice, we also need one more operation for ShowId. Keep Component selected, click on the + button at the bottom pane, and select New Operation... from the popup menu.
    new oper
  9. In the Operation Specification dialog box, name the operation ShowId. Check Abstract at the bottom of dialog box.
    add show id
  10. Select Leaf in overview, and rename it as Chair at the bottom pane. Rename also the operation Operation to ShowPrice. Note that if the option Auto Rename is on, rename of operation is not needed as this will be done automatically.
    rename leaf
  11. Select Composite in overview, and rename it as FurnitureSet at the bottom pane. Rename also Operation to ShowPrice. Click OK to apply the pattern to diagram.
    rename composite
    This is the result:
    pattern applied



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